Dengue –IgG:
Why Dengue - IgG Test?
CLINICAL INFORMATION
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue fever virus (DENV – is an RNA virus, belongs to Flaviviridae, genus: Flavivirus). There are four dengue virus serotypes namely: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 AND DENV-4. Dengue is spread by the vector female Aedes aegypti is the cause of dengue fever. High incidence prevails when a person travels (travel history) from endemic areas of the dengue virus. The infected mosquito vector with the dengue virus acts as a reservoir in the mosquito’s salivary gland. During a blood meal, the transmission of the virus occurs through the proboscis and enters systemic circulation in humans. The dengue virus enters the WBCs and it replicates and water accumulates in the liver and bone marrow. Common symptoms are due to the signalling of WBCs like cytokines and interferons. It includes headache, high fever (its nature is the biphasic or saddleback type where fever appears and recedes /self-limiting), vomiting, muscle, pain behind the eyes, joint pain (break-bone fever) along skin rashes (petechiae / maculopapular or vasculitic type) and low platelets (results because of bone marrow dysfunction due to infection of the stromal cells), capillary permeability (fluid from blood vessels permeates into body cavities hence low blood volume fails to supply blood to vital organs for its function) results in a mild bleeding eg. Nose bleed, bleeding gums or easy bruising. It can either develop into dengue hemorrhagic fever- DHF (It reduces the blood platelets and hence results in bleeding and leakage of blood plasma) or dengue shock syndrome – DSS (blood pressure drastically reduces to dangerously low levels). Finally, as this stage advances, its progression to fluid overload affects the brain leading to reduced levels of consciousness or seizures. It can lead to complications like lymph node swelling, liver enlargement, inflammation of the brain and can cause its associated neurological disorders like transverse myelitis, Guillan- Barre syndrome, impairment of vital organs like the liver, heart. In chronic stages, as it progresses it results in failure of the circulatory system leading to massive bleeding, shock and death. Symptoms of late complications include difficulty or rapid breathing, fatigue, irritability or restlessness, severe stomach pain, persistent vomiting, bleeding from nose & gums, blood in urine, stool and vomit. In a pregnant woman, it can cause miscarriage, low birth weight, fetal distress, premature birth and also vertical transmission is also reported from mother to child in the fetus. Diagnosis is performed by detecting antibodies to the virus or its DNA. IgG serves as a sero-marker of dengue infection. Additional tests include NS1 antigen detection by ELISA, combined testing with a nucleic acid amplification test - NAAT. Other tests include PRNT- Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test to detect neutralizing antibodies against dengue virus.
General Instructions:
Sample Requirement: Specimen - Blood sample collected from the vein. Test Preparation: None.
NOTE - Sample for specimen collections may vary based on the patient’s condition/cases according to the patient’s presenting complaints/signs or symptoms:
SPECIMEN REQUIREMENT (Special or Rare Cases) - As instructed and guided by Physician / Clinician / Pathologist / as per Laboratory’s requirements, according to procedures and protocols.
This Multi-Specialty Clinical Referral Laboratory RTDIAGNOSTICS provides precise and accurate tests with an extensive range of testing services to the medical centres to help in the diagnosis and identification of pathology in the test specimens for infectious diseases and also to evaluate the function of organ systems of the patient. It prevents further complications and helps to stabilize and restore health to near normalcy at the earliest without delay.
